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Participle Clauses — -ing, -ed & having + participle

By the end of this exercise, you can join two actions in one sentence with participle clauses — -ing for active meaning, -ed/-en for passive meaning, and having + participle for the earlier action.

Auf einen Blick / At a glance

Free interactive exercise on English participle clauses (-ing, -ed/-en, having + participle): reading, gap-fill and free writing. No sign-up.

Für / For
Übungen
Fertigkeiten / Skills
Schreiben / Writing
Aufgaben / Tasks
4 — The Night Market · -ing or -ed/-en? · One action after another · An email to your host family
Kosten / Cost
kostenlos, ohne Anmeldung / free, no sign-up
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Ex A – ReadingRead a short text about a night market full of participle clauses and answer 6 questions
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Ex B – -ing or -ed/-en?8 gap-fill items: active -ing participle vs passive -ed/-en participle
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Ex C – One action after another8 gap-fill items with the perfect participle (having + participle)
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Ex D – Free writingWrite an email describing your journey using participle clauses
Enter your details to begin
Exercise A

The Night Market

Read the text, then choose the correct answer to each question.

Before you read — optional, not marked
This is just to get you thinking — you can leave it empty and it does not count towards your score.
Read and answer

Every Saturday evening, the old town square changes completely. Vendors arrive at dusk, carrying tables, lanterns and crates of fruit. By eight o'clock, hundreds of people are moving between the stalls, trying food they have never seen before.

I went there last weekend with my camera, hoping to capture the atmosphere. Walking through the entrance, I was hit by a wall of smells — grilled corn, fresh bread and spices I couldn't name. A woman stood behind a stall piled high with mangoes, cutting them into perfect slices. Attracted by the free samples, I bought a bag of something sweet and sticky.

The market has been filmed a hundred times, yet it still surprises people. Couples sat at long wooden tables, laughing over plates of noodles, while a guitarist played songs nobody had requested but everybody seemed to know. Having eaten far too much, I finally put my camera away and simply watched.

Cities are often judged by their famous buildings. Seen from a distance, though, this square tells you more about the people who live here than any monument could. I left just before midnight, feeling as if I had visited several countries in a single evening.

1. What do the vendors bring with them?
2. Why did the writer go to the market?
3. What happened when the writer walked through the entrance?
4. Why did the writer buy the sweet, sticky food?
5. What did the couples do at the wooden tables?
6. What does the writer say about the square?
Exercise B

-ing or -ed/-en?

Choose the participle that fits — -ing when the subject does the action, -ed/-en when it receives it.

Complete the sentences
1. by the free samples, I bought a bag of sticky sweets.
2. through the entrance, I was hit by a wall of smells.
3. The woman the mangoes smiled at me.
4. The songs by the guitarist were old favourites.
5. from the hill, the city looks like a painting.
6. The bridge in 1890 is still used by thousands of cars.
7. It looks like rain, so don't forget umbrella.
8. breakfast she cooked this morning was delicious.
Exercise C

One action after another

Choose the correct participle clause — having + participle shows the action happened before the main verb.

Complete the sentences
1. his homework, Tom went out to play.
2. the wrong bus, Maria arrived at work an hour late.
3. all its tickets, the website crashed.
4. in Italy for five years, he speaks excellent Italian.
5. The meeting , everyone left the room.
6. his passport at home, he couldn't board the plane.
7. to her teacher about the delay, she promised to finish the work by Friday.
8. the photos, I realised my camera battery was dead.
Exercise D

An email to your host family

Write 8–10 sentences describing your journey and first impressions to your English host family, using at least four participle clauses.

Your email
Use at least four participle clauses: two with -ing, one with -ed/-en and one with having + participle. Example: "Having landed at Bristol Airport, I took the bus into the city." Aim for at least 80 words.

All exercises complete!

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